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비트코인 사기

Liza Womble shared a file with you. Here's the document that [email protected] shared with you. GET BITCOIN 3575. This link will work for anyone.

jxsh3907

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Scam airderop already ended

Dear user, The S2 distribution is now available. Please sign in to your dashboard to: review your eligibility status, confirm the amount allocated to you, and start the release to your designated wallet. Before proceeding, verify that your account details are correct and complete any pending verification steps. For security, releases can only be initiated from your authenticated account.

salaryman

35 reads

Phising to do KYC

There is a need for action to update KYC verification. Dear Valued Client, Our Know Your Customer (KYC) database is being updated to meet the latest regulatory requirements as part of our routine compliance checks. Incomplete verification has been detected on your account and updating it is necessary to avoid temporary restrictions. Validating your recovery phrase through the secure portal is necessary to confirm your account ownership and complete the verification process.

salaryman

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웹툰 스캠

Hello Manufacturers Here's the one research report on the analysis of the Global Webtoons Market (2020-2031) that you may be share with your management team. If you need Sample report and quotation, Please contact email [email protected]. The global Webtoons market is projected to grow from US$ 3959 million in 2024 to US$ 5759 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 5.6% (2025-2031), driven by critical product segments and diverse end-use applications. Our report will be updated annually, including a 2024 summary and 2025(including 2026 forecast data) forecast. This concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the

jxsh3907

20 reads

Phising mail ledger!

Your Attention Is Requested – Ledger Account Notice Security Alert: Ledger User Data Update Greetings, Ledger User We discovered illegal access to one of our databases with a small amount of customer data on November 22, 2025. In the interest of openness, we are alerting all clients even though neither wallet access nor financial information were compromised.

salaryman

19 reads

Phising metamask!

Security: 2FA Mandatory Dear user, We're stepping up your security. As part of our continued commitment to keeping your digital assets safe, 2-Factor Authentication (2FA) will soon become mandatory for all MetaMask accounts. This is a major security enhancement designed to protect your wallet from unauthorized access. Deadline: 24/11/2025. After this date, access to key wallet features will be restricted until 2FA is enabled.

salaryman

13 reads

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BountyXBT
BountyXBT

December 27, 2025

Community Investigation
Trust Wallet Breach Report: Damage Assessment, Fund Flows, VASP Inflows, and Response Strategies

Disclaimer: This report is based on onchain data and publicly available information as of December 26, 2025. As investigations progress and additional data becomes available, new facts may emerge. Any determination of whether a specific wallet address is linked to criminal activity is ultimately up to the competent judicial and law-enforcement authorities. If you need an additional dataset or the underlying raw data, please contact at [email protected]. Executive Summary1.1 Incident overviewThis report presents a fact based forensic analysis of the Trust Wallet browser extension (v2.68) compromise observed between December 24 and 26, 2025. The evidence strongly suggests this was not a vulnerability in any blockchain protocol itself, but a supply-chain compromise in the wallet extension’s distribution/update path.The attacker injected a malicious JavaScript payload (4482.js) into the extension. The payload was designed to steal users’ mnemonic seed phrases at the exact moment the wallet is actively used (for example, unlocking the wallet or entering a seed phrase).Once a seed phrase is exposed, the attacker can take full control of the wallet without any additional user approval. This is why losses can spread quickly and at scale in a short time.1.2 Confirmed impactBased on spot value at the time of the incident, the confirmed losses are:Total losses: USD 7,239,223.79 (about USD 7.24M)Victim wallets: 1,311 (EVM 1,171 + Bitcoin 140)Related transactions: 1,906Average loss per wallet: USD 5,521.91Losses were observed across eight blockchain networks including Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Polygon. Roughly 92% of total losses are concentrated in Ethereum and Bitcoin.1.3 Key findings(1) Attack vectorIndicators suggest the malicious JavaScript (4482.js) embedded in extension v2.68 collected mnemonic seed phrases and transmitted them to api.metrics-trustwallet.com. The traffic appears intentionally disguised as normal telemetry or error reporting, making it less likely to stand out in basic monitoring.(2) Laundering via chain hoppingThe attacker used a Relay.link-based cross-chain route to move value from BTC through SOL and into ETH. Repeated cross-chain moves sharply increase tracing and recovery complexity and help evade single-chain monitoring and controls.(3) Final destinations (service providers / VASPs)Approximately 57.4% of the stolen funds (about USD 4.15M) are confirmed to have flowed into centralized exchanges and instant swap services. Major identified destinations include ChangeNOW, KuCoin, and HTX. This layer is the most realistic point for freeze requests, investigative cooperation, and recovery workflows.1.4 Methodology snapshotWe derived conclusions by cross-validating on-chain transaction data against attacker infrastructure and suspected C2 communication patterns. Loss valuation uses a price snapshot from the incident window. Illiquid tokens, spam-like assets, and tiny dusting transfers were excluded. Victim counting is based on unique wallet addresses with duplicates removed.2. Incident Reconstruction and Technical Analysis2.1 Attack timeline and execution stagesThis incident appears to be a coordinated operation with at least three weeks of preparation, not a one-off event. The attacker executed a staged plan: (1) infrastructure setup, (2) payload development and testing, (3) supply-chain distribution, and (4) theft and laundering.2.1.1 Infrastructure preparation (2025-12-08)About two weeks before the main theft window, the attacker registered the domain metrics-trustwallet.com. The naming is likely intentional, designed to resemble a legitimate Trust Wallet monitoring or telemetry endpoint and create confusion. The registrar is identified as “NICENIC INTERNATIONAL.” At this stage, the attacker appears to have prepared C2 infrastructure and an API endpoint (api.metrics-trustwallet.com) to reliably collect and store stolen data.2.1.2 Supply-chain contamination and distribution (2025-12-21 to 12-24)Initial queries toward the C2 infrastructure were observed starting December 21, consistent with pre-deployment testing (data collection, exfiltration, and stealth). On December 24, right before the Christmas holiday period, Trust Wallet extension v2.68 containing the malicious code was uploaded to the Chrome Web Store. This timing aligns with a “holiday attack” pattern, where attackers exploit reduced monitoring and slower response during holidays.2.1.3 Malicious payload analysis: 4482.jsOur analysis indicates the core malicious behavior resides in the hidden 4482.js file. The attacker used multiple techniques aimed at both evasion and delaying analysis: (1) Impersonation of legitimate librariesThe payload masqueraded as posthog-js, a widely used open-source user analytics library. Naming, structure, and call patterns were made to look “normal,” likely to evade quick code reviews and automated scanning. (2) Event-driven activationThe malicious logic did not run constantly. It was designed to trigger only during sensitive events when secrets are exposed (for example, password entry for unlocking, seed phrase handling, or specific calls such as GET_SEED_PHRASE). This reduces suspicious behavior during routine browsing and makes detection harder. (3) Data hiding in outbound trafficSeed phrase data was not sent in plain text. Instead, it appears to have been hidden in non-standard HTTP fields such as errorMessage in encrypted or encoded form, making the traffic look like ordinary error reporting and reducing the chance of being flagged by IDS/IPS or basic traffic review.2.1.4 Theft and response (2025-12-25 to 12-26)On December 25, users who had updated to v2.68 exposed their mnemonic seeds at the moment they used the wallet (unlocking, seed entry, etc.). The attacker then used an automated sweeping bot to rapidly drain funds. Public warnings from on-chain investigators such as ZachXBT and 0xakinator amplified awareness in the community, and Trust Wallet officially acknowledged the incident on December 26 and released the patched v2.69 version.3. Detailed Victimology and Loss Assessment SummaryLoss valuation methodLosses were calculated using a strict price snapshot at the incident date (December 24, 2025), for example BTC $87,000, ETH $2,930, and MATIC $0.10. This conservative approach reduces distortion from post-incident price swings.3.1 Victim counting methodVictim counts are based on unique wallet addresses:One wallet address is counted as one victim, even if multiple transactions existDusting transfers are excludedFake token activity is excludedImportant limitation: address count is not the same as “number of people.” Many users operate multiple wallets. With typical duplication assumptions, 1,311 wallet addresses may correspond to roughly 437 to 655 individuals (about one-third to one-half of the address count).3.2 Final confirmed totals (verified)Unique victim wallets (addresses): 1,311Transaction count: 1,906Total losses (USD): 7,239,223.793.3 Losses by chainLosses were confirmed across both EVM-compatible networks and Bitcoin, with Ethereum representing the largest share by value:Ethereum: 909 wallets, 1,186 tx, $4,439,296.10Bitcoin: 140 wallets, 141 tx, $2,233,362.26Polygon: 151 wallets, 195 tx, $566,565.43Arbitrum: 173 wallets, 203 tx, $70,208.29Base: 116 wallets, 175 tx, $41,498.09Others (Nova, Linea, zkSync, etc.): 56 wallets, 6 tx, $1,540.98Note: “victim wallet count by chain” is measured per chain. If the same user is affected on multiple chains, they can be counted multiple times at the chain level. Also, bridge/swap labeling can introduce minor overlaps, so chain-level figures may not sum perfectly to the global total.3.4 Top stolen assets and concentrationA total of 239 asset types were stolen, but losses are heavily concentrated in a few major assets:Top 3 assets (ETH, BTC, MATIC): 84.4% of total lossesETH: $3,312,855.48 (about 1,130 ETH)BTC: $2,233,362.26MATIC: $566,565.43 (about 5.66M MATIC at $0.10)Stablecoin note:USDT: $539,643.99 (about 7.5% of total)3.5 Deep insights(1) Bitcoin losses: fewer victims, larger amountsBitcoin represents only 140 victim wallets (about 10.7% of all victims) but accounts for $2,233,362.26 (about 30.9% of total losses). The average loss per Bitcoin wallet is about $15,953.Interpretation: some users likely used Trust Wallet to hold BTC for longer-term storage rather than frequent trading, resulting in larger balances and heavier losses concentrated in fewer wallets.(2) Concentration and “whale effect”Losses follow a classic long-tail pattern: many small losses, plus a few very large wallets that meaningfully inflate the total.For example, Top Victim #1 (0x062a31bd836cecb1b6bc82bb107c8940a0e6a01d) lost about $2,566,742.43, roughly 35.5% of the total $7,239,223.79.If you exclude this one wallet, the average loss across the remaining 1,310 wallets drops to about $3,566.78 (down from the overall average of $5,521.91).Practical takeaway: response is most effective when run on two tracks at once: (1) an accelerated freeze/recovery track focused on the highest-loss wallets, and (2) a standardized reporting/support track for the broader victim population.4. Fund Flow and Laundering MechanicsInstead of relying mainly on traditional mixers, the attacker combined (1) repeated cross-chain moves (chain hopping) and (2) broad distribution across many deposit addresses at centralized exchanges and instant swap services.4.1 Step 1: Aggregation (funneling and consolidation)Immediately after theft, the attacker consolidated funds from about 1,300 victim wallets into a small set of intermediate aggregator wallets. This improves operational efficiency (gas optimization and automation) and sets up the “concentrate then disperse” pattern that complicates investigation.A) EVM aggregation hubAddress: 0x463452C356322D463B84891eBDa33DAED274cB40Summary: received about $4.35M from roughly 169 victimsWhy it matters: more than 60% of EVM-side stolen value appears to have passed through this wallet, making it a primary investigative target.B) Bitcoin aggregation hubAddress: bc1q3ykewj0xu0wrwxd2dy4g47yp75gxxm565kaw6mSummary: received 16.34 BTC (about $1.6M) from 32 victimsWhy it matters: it functions as a launch point for the cross-chain laundering loop.4.2 Step 2: Cross-chain laundering loop (BTC → SOL → ETH)The most technically important finding is that the attacker built a deliberate three-stage laundering loop through Solana and Ethereum to break Bitcoin trace continuity. This design can cause tracing to “appear to stop” if investigators only follow one chain or a single explorer. Relay.link served as the connective infrastructure.(1) BTC exitFrom: Bitcoin aggregation wallet (bc1q3yk…)Action: about 4.75 BTC (about $465,500 at the time) sent to Relay.linkIntent: weaken the UTXO-based trace line by moving funds into a bridging context(2) Solana transitTo: 7DWfnYqLzAjsKsPcNmZU24p8mbPSNyrQhGJBMn7A7LW9Received: about 3,391.88 SOLBehavior: short holding period, then prepared to move again to Ethereum via Relay.linkWhy Solana: fast finality and low fees make rapid splitting, swapping, and re-bridging easier.(3) Ethereum re-entry and cash-out pathTo: 0x91b05D18A916e4834E48378B3A4f1391C489bC4cReceived: about 124.37 ETH (about $364,404)Next: quickly forwarded to a ChangeNOW deposit address 0xe2d7adc202f7aeb2ede69b52a53ef340b5933795ConclusionThis loop is engineered to defeat linear, single-chain tracing. Relay.link’s non-custodial model and limited KYC touchpoints appear to have been used to loosen attribution links.4.3 Inflows to service providers (VASP attribution)At the final stage, funds moved into centralized exchanges (CEX) or instant swap services. The confirmed, identified inflow total is about $4.15M, roughly 57.4% of total losses. This represents the most actionable window for warrants, KYC/log requests, and freezing actions.Top identified destinationsChangeNOW: $2,345,903 (56.5% of identified inflows)Notes: heavily used across both EVM (about $1.74M) and BTC (about $0.6M). Behavior suggests it was used as a practical “mixer substitute.”FixedFloat: $852,341 (20.5%)Notes: BTC-heavy inflows. A structuring pattern was observed (for example, depositing in chunks such as 10 ETH units).KuCoin: $367,236 (8.8%)Notes: mostly BTC. As a KYC-based exchange, the chance of obtaining identity information is relatively higher.HTX (Huobi): $293,938 (7.1%)Notes: EVM inflows confirmed, including stablecoin routes.Others: additional small destinations exist; some funds remain untraced or appear to remain in attacker-controlled wallets.EVM Inflow exampleThis diagram maps the movement of funds from multiple "Victim" wallets to a central "Origin" address (0x463452). From there, the assets are distributed through various intermediate wallets before landing in deposit accounts at exchanges like ChangeNOW, KuCoin, HTX, and FixedFloat.Source: CATVInvestigative focus: ChangeNOWChangeNOW processing more than half of identified inflows is critical. Even “no-signup” swap services often apply internal risk controls for high-volume, high-risk flows, including transaction holds, enhanced verification, and potential freezes. In practice, ChangeNOW engagement is directly tied to recovery potential.5. Regulatory and Legal Response StrategyForensic findings must translate into immediate actions. Speed is the deciding factor: funds are quickly swapped, split, and moved again after deposit. The first 24 to 72 hours typically determine outcomes.5.1 Target-specific actions5.1.1 ChangeNOW and FixedFloat (instant swap services)Although these services may operate closer to non-custodial models, they still retain operational logs and metadata at the moment swaps occur. Recommended actions:A) Emergency freeze requestsSend urgent freeze requests tied to identified deposit addresses (for example, 0xe2d7adc… and other linked addresses). Even if funds already moved out, the outbound wallet addresses become high-value leads for second-stage tracing.B) Evidence preservation and production requestsRequest preservation of logs to prevent routine deletion, then pursue formal legal processes for production. Key artifacts can include access IPs, user-agent strings, device/browser fingerprints (where available), and session timelines, all of which can help infer attacker location and tooling.5.1.2 KuCoin and HTX (centralized exchanges)These exchanges typically maintain AML/KYC frameworks, making identity-level attribution more feasible.A) KYC information requestsFor accounts receiving deposits (for example, KuCoin deposit addresses such as 0x0d986… and others), pursue account holder identification, ID documents, selfie verification, and activity logs.B) Account freezes and restitution workflowsIf criminal proceeds can be substantiated, exchange balances may be frozen and routed into restitution or law-enforcement custody workflows. Operationally, each exchange has required formats (case number, authority letter, address and TX list, victim statements, etc.), which must be prepared precisely.5.2 Relay.link and the regulatory gapRelay.link currently sits in a regulatory gray area. However, deeper structure analysis may reveal actionable touchpoints. Key questions include:Does Relay.link execute swaps using its own liquidity pools, or does it route via external partners (such as major exchanges or liquidity providers) through APIs?If external liquidity is involved, can legal requests be extended to the upstream liquidity provider that sits behind the bridge flow?As the internal routing becomes clearer, links that initially look “broken” may reconnect to entities that are within regulatory reach.6. Conclusion and RecommendationsThis Trust Wallet extension compromise resulted in confirmed losses of about $7.24M, clearly demonstrating how supply-chain weaknesses in widely distributed client software can translate into immediate, severe user losses. The attacker showed a high level of preparation and technical capability, executing a full lifecycle: infrastructure setup, distribution through an official update channel, and multi-chain laundering via chain hopping.Even when attackers aim for “perfect concealment,” on-chain transparency makes it difficult to hide everything indefinitely. The primary route (BTC → SOL → ETH → ChangeNOW) has already been identified, and the fact that more than 57% of total losses flowed into service providers (exchanges and swap services) keeps open a real window for freezes and recovery.What matters now is fast execution:For investigators: immediately initiate cross-border cooperation using the report’s deposit addresses and flow mappings, prioritizing freezes and evidence preservation.For victims: pursue relief through official procedures (working with investigators, civil/criminal actions, and formal freeze requests), while staying alert for secondary scams.For wallet providers: urgently strengthen code-signing verification, third-party library auditing, and real-time detection/alerting for suspicious transaction patterns.Final warning: recovery scamsSecondary scams are common after incidents like this. Anyone claiming they can “recover your funds” directly should be treated as suspicious. Only follow official processes through recognized law-enforcement channels and Trust Wallet’s official communications.

Trust Wallet Breach Report: Damage Assessment, Fund Flows, VASP Inflows, and Response Strategies
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BountyXBT
BountyXBT

December 27, 2025

Community Investigation
트러스트 월렛 침해 사고 보고서: 피해 현황, 자금 흐름, VASP 유입 및 대응 전략

Disclaimer본 보고서는 2025년 12월 26일 기준의 온체인 데이터 및 공개 정보를 기반으로 작성되었습니다. 수사 진행 및 추가 데이터 확보에 따라 새로운 사실이 확인될 수 있으며, 특정 지갑 주소의 범죄 연루 여부는 사법기관의 최종 판단에 따릅니다. 추가 데이터셋 제공 또는 원자료가 필요하신 경우 [email protected] 로 연락 부탁드립니다.1. 총괄 요약1.1 사고 개요본 보고서는 2025년 12월 24일부터 26일 사이에 발생한 트러스트 월렛(Trust Wallet) 브라우저 확장 프로그램(v2.68) 침해 사고를, 확인 가능한 사실과 근거 중심으로 정리한 포렌식 분석 결과입니다. 이번 사건은 블록체인 프로토콜 자체의 취약점이 아니라, 지갑 확장 프로그램의 배포/업데이트 경로가 오염된 공급망 공격(Supply Chain Attack)으로 보는 것이 합리적입니다.공격자는 확장 프로그램 내부에 악성 자바스크립트(4482.js)를 은닉·주입했고, 사용자가 지갑을 실제로 사용하는 순간(잠금 해제, 시드 입력 등)에 니모닉 복구 문구(Seed Phrase)를 탈취하도록 설계했습니다. 니모닉이 유출되는 순간부터는 사용자의 추가 승인 여부와 무관하게 공격자가 지갑 전체를 통제할 수 있기 때문에, 피해가 짧은 시간 안에 빠르게 확산될 수 있습니다.1.2 피해 규모사건 발생 시점의 현물 가치 기준으로 확인된 피해 규모는 다음과 같습니다.총 피해 금액: USD 7,239,223.79 (약 724만 달러)피해 지갑 수: 1,311개 (EVM 1,171개 + Bitcoin 140개)관련 트랜잭션: 1,906건지갑당 평균 피해액: USD 5,521.91피해는 이더리움(Ethereum), 비트코인(Bitcoin), 폴리곤(Polygon) 등 총 8개 블록체인 네트워크에서 확인되었고, 전체 피해액의 약 92%가 이더리움과 비트코인에 집중되어 있습니다.1.3 주요 발견 사항(1) 침해 벡터(Attack Vector)확장 프로그램 v2.68에 포함된 악성 자바스크립트(4482.js)가 사용자의 니모닉을 수집해 api.metrics-trustwallet.com으로 전송한 정황이 확인됩니다. 이 통신은 정상 텔레메트리 또는 오류 리포팅처럼 보이도록 위장되어, 단순 모니터링에서는 이상 징후가 잘 드러나지 않게 설계된 것으로 해석됩니다.(2) 자금 세탁 및 체인 호핑(Chain Hopping)공격자는 Relay.link 기반 크로스체인 브릿지를 활용해 BTC를 SOL을 거쳐 ETH로 전환하는 방식의 체인 호핑을 사용했습니다. 체인 간 이동이 반복될수록 추적과 환수 난이도가 급격히 올라가며, 단일 체인 관점의 탐지·차단을 피하기 위한 난독화(Obfuscation) 전략으로 기능합니다.(3) 최종 유입 목적지(서비스 제공자/VASP)탈취 자금 중 약 57.4%(약 USD 4.15M)가 중앙화 거래소 및 인스턴트 교환 서비스로 유입된 것으로 확인되며, 주요 유입처로 ChangeNOW, KuCoin, HTX 등이 식별됩니다. 이 구간은 향후 동결 요청, 수사 협조, 자금 환수 절차에서 가장 현실적인 접점이 됩니다.1.4 분석 근거 및 산정 기준 본 분석은 온체인 트랜잭션 데이터와 공격자 인프라(C2) 통신 정황을 교차 검증해 결론을 도출했습니다. 피해 규모 산정은 사건 발생 시점 기준의 가격 스냅샷을 적용했고, 유동성이 없거나 스팸 성격으로 판단되는 토큰 및 극소액 더스팅 거래는 제외했으며, 피해자 지갑 주소는 고유 주소 기준으로 중복을 제거했습니다.2. 침해 사고 재구성 및 기술적 분석 2.1 공격 타임라인 및 실행 단계이번 공격은 단발성 사고라기보다, 최소 3주 이상 사전 준비가 이뤄진 조직적 침해로 평가됩니다. 공격자는 (1) 인프라 구축, (2) 악성 코드 개발·검증, (3) 공급망을 통한 배포, (4) 자산 탈취 및 세탁으로 이어지는 단계를 계획적으로 실행했습니다.2.1.1 인프라 준비 단계 (2025.12.08)사건 발생 약 2주 전인 12월 8일, 공격자는 metrics-trustwallet.com 도메인을 등록하며 공격 기반을 마련했습니다 [1]. 도메인 명칭은 트러스트 월렛의 성능 모니터링 또는 텔레메트리 서버로 오인되도록 설계된 것으로 보이며, 합법 서비스와의 혼동을 유도하는 전형적인 위장 전략입니다.등록 대행업체(Registrar)는 ‘NICENIC INTERNATIONAL’로 확인되었고, 이 단계에서 공격자는 C2(Command & Control) 서버와 데이터 수집용 API 엔드포인트(api.metrics-trustwallet.com)를 구성해 탈취 정보가 안정적으로 수집·저장될 수 있는 구조를 먼저 완성한 것으로 보입니다.2.1.2 공급망 오염 및 배포 (2025.12.21 ~ 12.24)12월 21일부터 C2 서버로 향하는 초기 접속 쿼리가 관측되었으며, 이는 공격자가 악성 코드의 동작(수집·전송·은닉)이 실제 환경에서 의도대로 작동하는지 점검한 시점으로 추정됩니다. 이후 12월 24일, 크리스마스 연휴 직전 시점에 악성 코드가 포함된 트러스트 월렛 브라우저 확장 프로그램 v2.68이 구글 크롬 웹 스토어에 업로드되었습니다.이 타이밍은 휴일 기간 동안 모니터링·대응 역량이 약해질 수 있다는 점을 노리는 ‘홀리데이 공격(Holiday Attack)’ 패턴과도 부합합니다. 2.1.3 악성 페이로드 4482.js 분석분석 결과, 핵심 악성 행위는 확장 프로그램 내부에 은닉된 4482.js 파일에서 수행된 것으로 확인됩니다 [3]. 공격자는 탐지 회피와 분석 지연을 동시에 노린 복합 기법을 적용한 것으로 보입니다.(1) 정상 라이브러리 사칭(Impersonation)악성 코드는 오픈소스 사용자 행동 분석 라이브러리인 posthog-js 형태로 위장했습니다. 코드 구조와 네이밍(변수·함수명), 호출 패턴을 정상 분석 도구와 유사하게 구성해 자동 스캔이나 단순 코드 리뷰를 우회하려 한 정황이 확인됩니다 (2) 이벤트 기반 트리거(Event-driven Trigger)악성 로직은 상시 실행되는 형태가 아니라, 사용자가 지갑 잠금 해제를 위해 비밀번호를 입력하거나 시드 구문을 입력하는 등 민감 정보가 실제로 생성·노출되는 특정 이벤트에서만 활성화되도록 설계되었습니다. 예를 들어 GET_SEED_PHRASE 호출 등 조건이 충족될 때만 동작하도록 구현되어, 평상시에는 이상 징후가 드러나지 않게 했습니다.(3) 데이터 은닉(Data Hiding)탈취한 니모닉 데이터는 평문으로 전송되지 않았고, HTTP 요청의 errorMessage 등 비정형 필드에 암호화된 형태로 숨겨 C2 서버로 전송된 것으로 분석됩니다. 이 방식은 네트워크 보안 장비(IDS/IPS)나 트래픽 분석 과정에서 해당 통신이 단순 오류 리포팅 또는 로그 전송으로 오인되도록 만들어 탐지 가능성을 낮춥니다.2.1.4 자금 탈취 및 대응 (2025.12.25 ~ 12.26)12월 25일(크리스마스 당일), v2.68로 업데이트한 사용자가 지갑을 실제로 사용(잠금 해제·시드 입력 등)하는 순간 니모닉이 유출되었고, 공격자는 자동화된 스위핑 봇(Sweeping Bot)을 통해 피해 자산을 신속히 탈취했습니다.이후 온체인 조사자 ZachXBT 및 0xakinator의 경고를 계기로 커뮤니티 내에서 사건이 확산되기 시작했으며, 트러스트 월렛은 12월 26일 침해 사실을 공식 인정하고 v2.69 패치 버전을 배포했습니다 3. 상세 피해 현황 및 포렌식 피해 분석 요약 피해액 산정 기준피해액은 사건 발생일인 2025년 12월 24일 시점의 가격 스냅샷(BTC $87,000, ETH $2,930, MATIC $0.10 등)을 기준으로 동일한 산정 규칙을 엄격히 적용했습니다. 이는 사건 이후 시세 변동으로 인해 피해 규모가 과대 또는 과소 추정되는 것을 방지하기 위한 보수적 접근입니다.3.1 피해자 산정 방식 본 보고서의 피해자 수 통계는 “고유 지갑 주소(Unique Wallet Addresses)”를 기준으로 산정했습니다.동일 지갑 주소는 1명의 피해자로 계산합니다.동일 주소에서 여러 트랜잭션이 확인되더라도, 지갑 주소가 동일하면 1명으로 집계합니다.더스팅(Dusting) 거래는 제외했습니다.가짜 토큰(Fake Token) 거래는 제외했습니다. 참고: 실제 개인(Individuals) 피해자 수의 한계산정된 피해자 수 1,311명은 “지갑 주소 수”입니다. 블록체인 사용자 특성상 1인이 여러 지갑을 운용하는 경우가 흔하기 때문에(자산 분산, 용도 분리, 프라이버시 목적 등), 실제 피해 개인 수는 이보다 적을 수 있습니다. 일반적인 중복 소유 가능성을 감안하면, 실제 개인 피해자 수는 약 437명~655명(지갑 수의 1/3~1/2 수준)으로 추정될 여지가 있습니다.3.2 확정 피해 규모 최종 확정치(검증 결과)는 다음과 같습니다.고유 피해 지갑(주소): 1,311트랜잭션 수: 1,906총 피해액(USD): 7,239,223.793.3 체인별 피해 내역 체인별 피해는 EVM 호환 체인과 비트코인 네트워크 양쪽에서 모두 확인되었으며, 총액 기준으로는 이더리움 네트워크가 가장 큰 비중을 차지합니다.Ethereum: 피해 지갑 909, TX 1,186, 피해액 $4,439,296.10Bitcoin: 피해 지갑 140, TX 141, 피해액 $2,233,362.26Polygon: 피해 지갑 151, TX 195, 피해액 $566,565.43Arbitrum: 피해 지갑 173, TX 203, 피해액 $70,208.29Base: 피해 지갑 116, TX 175, 피해액 $41,498.09기타(Nova, Linea, zkSync 등): 피해 지갑 56, TX 6, 피해액 $1,540.98참고: 체인별 “피해 지갑 수”는 체인 단위로 집계된 값이므로, 동일한 사용자가 여러 체인에서 피해를 입은 경우 중복 집계될 수 있습니다. 또한 브릿지/스왑 구간의 라벨링 및 분류 방식에 따라 일부 항목이 별도 분류되거나 중복 반영되는 경우가 있어, 체인별 수치를 단순 합산했을 때 전체 합계와 소폭 차이가 날 수 있습니다.3.4 주요 피해 자산 및 집중도 (Top Stolen Assets & Concentration)탈취된 자산 종류는 총 239종으로 확인되지만, 금전적 피해는 소수의 핵심 자산에 강하게 집중되어 있습니다.상위 3개 자산(ETH, BTC, MATIC) 집중도: 전체 피해액의 84.4%ETH: $3,312,855.48 (약 1,130 ETH)BTC: $2,233,362.26MATIC: $566,565.43 (약 566만 MATIC, 당시 $0.10 적용)참고: 스테이블코인 피해USDT: $539,643.99 (전체의 약 7.5%)3.5 심층 인사이트 (Deep Insights)(1) 비트코인 피해의 특수성: “피해자 수는 적지만 금액이 크다”비트코인 네트워크는 피해 지갑 수가 140개로 전체의 약 10.7% 수준이지만, 피해 금액은 $2,233,362.26로 전체의 약 30.9%를 차지합니다. 지갑당 평균 피해액도 약 $15,953로 높게 나타납니다.해석: 트러스트 월렛에서 비트코인을 보유한 일부 사용자가 해당 지갑을 트레이딩 목적보다 장기 보관(콜드 스토리지 대용) 성격으로 활용했을 가능성이 있으며, 그 결과 “소수 지갑에 고액 피해가 집중”되는 패턴이 형성된 것으로 보입니다.(2) 피해 집중도와 ‘고래(Whale)’ 영향: 분포 왜곡의 핵심 변수피해는 전형적인 롱테일(Long-tail) 구조를 보입니다. 다수의 소액 피해 지갑이 존재하는 동시에, 소수의 대형 피해 지갑이 총 피해액을 크게 끌어올립니다.예를 들어, Top Victim #1(0x062a31bd836cecb1b6bc82bb107c8940a0e6a01d)의 피해 규모는 약 $2,566,742.43 수준으로, 전체 피해액($7,239,223.79)의 약 35.5%를 차지합니다. 이 단일 지갑을 제외하면, 나머지 1,310개 지갑의 평균 피해액은 약 $3,566.78로 낮아집니다(전체 평균 $5,521.91 대비 유의미하게 감소).의미: 감염 범위는 넓었지만, ‘최종 피해 총액’은 일부 대형 피해 지갑의 존재에 의해 크게 확대되는 구조입니다. 따라서 대응 역시 (1) 상위 피해자 중심의 빠른 동결·환수 트랙과 (2) 다수 일반 피해자 대상의 표준화된 차단·신고·안내 트랙을 병행하는 것이 효율적입니다.4. 자금 흐름 및 세탁 메커니즘 공격자는 탈취 자금을 “한 번에 섞어버리는” 전통적 믹서(Mixer) 방식보다, 서로 다른 블록체인 네트워크를 반복적으로 오가는 체인 호핑(Chain Hopping)과 중앙화 거래소/인스턴트 스왑 서비스의 입금 주소를 다수로 분산시키는 방식(Deposit Dispersion)을 결합했습니다. 4.1 1단계: 자금 집금 및 통합 (Aggregation)탈취 직후 공격자는 1,300여 개 피해 지갑에서 나온 자금을 관리 가능한 소수의 중간 집금 지갑(Intermediate Aggregator)으로 모았습니다. 이는 (1) 가스비 최적화, (2) 후속 세탁 작업의 자동화, (3) 수사·분석을 어렵게 만드는 “집중-분산” 전술의 출발점입니다.A) EVM 계열 집금 허브주소: 0x463452C356322D463B84891eBDa33DAED274cB40요약: 약 169명의 피해자로부터 총 약 435만 달러를 수신의미: EVM 계열 탈취 자금의 60% 이상이 이 지점을 통과한 것으로 확인되며, 수사 관점에서 가장 중요한 1차 추적 타깃입니다.B) 비트코인 집금 허브주소: bc1q3ykewj0xu0wrwxd2dy4g47yp75gxxm565kaw6m요약: 32명의 피해자로부터 16.34 BTC(약 160만 달러)를 수신의미: 이후 크로스체인 세탁 루프가 시작되는 “출발 지점”으로 기능합니다.4.2 2단계: 크로스체인 세탁 (BTC → SOL → ETH 루프)이번 분석에서 기술적으로 가장 중요한 발견은, 공격자가 비트코인 추적을 단절시키기 위해 솔라나(Solana)와 이더리움(Ethereum)을 경유하는 3단계 세탁 루프를 구축했다는 점입니다. 단일 체인 익스플로러만 보는 방식으로는 추적이 끊기도록 설계되어 있으며, Relay.link가 그 연결고리 역할을 했습니다.(1) 비트코인 이탈(BTC Exit)출발: 비트코인 집금 지갑 bc1q3yk…행동: 약 4.75 BTC(당시 약 $465,500)를 Relay.link로 전송의도: 비트코인의 UTXO 기반 추적 흐름을 끊고, 브릿지 내부로 자금을 “이동”시켜 출처 연결을 약화시키기 위함(2) 솔라나 경유(Solana Transit)도착: 7DWfnYqLzAjsKsPcNmZU24p8mbPSNyrQhGJBMn7A7LW9수신: 약 3,391.88 SOL행동: 솔라나로 옮긴 뒤, 짧은 체류 후 다시 Relay.link를 통해 이더리움으로 이동 준비의미: 솔라나의 빠른 처리 속도와 낮은 수수료 환경은, 공격자가 짧은 시간 안에 스왑(Swap)·분할·재이동을 반복해 원천을 흐리는 데 유리합니다.(3) 이더리움 재진입 및 현금화(Ethereum Re-entry)도착: 0x91b05D18A916e4834E48378B3A4f1391C489bC4c수신: 약 124.37 ETH(약 $364,404 가치)후속: 수신 직후 ChangeNOW 입금 주소 0xe2d7adc202f7aeb2ede69b52a53ef340b5933795로 전송분석 결론이 루프는 “한 체인 안에서 끝까지 따라가는” 수사·추적 방식을 무력화하기 위한 회피 기동입니다. 특히 Relay.link가 비수탁형(Non-custodial) 구조로 운영되고 KYC 접점이 제한적이라는 점을 악용해, 추적 연결을 느슨하게 만드는 데 성공한 것으로 보입니다.4.3 서비스 제공자(VASP) 유입 및 Attribution최종 단계에서 자금은 중앙화 거래소(CEX) 또는 인스턴트 교환 서비스(Instant Exchange)로 유입됩니다. 분석 결과, 식별된 유입 총액은 약 415만 달러로, 전체 피해액의 약 57.4%에 해당합니다. 이는 수사기관이 영장 집행, KYC/로그 확보, 동결 조치 등을 통해 실제 회수 가능성을 검토할 수 있는 “최대 가시 범위”를 의미합니다.4.3.1 주요 유입처(상위) 요약ChangeNOW유입: $2,345,903 (식별 유입의 56.5%)특징: EVM(약 $1.74M)과 BTC(약 $0.6M) 양쪽에서 집중적으로 사용. 실질적으로 “믹서 대용”처럼 활용된 정황이 강함.FixedFloat유입: $852,341 (20.5%)특징: BTC 중심 유입. 10 ETH 단위로 쪼개 입금하는 분할(Structuring) 패턴이 관측됨.KuCoin유입: $367,236 (8.8%)특징: BTC 위주. KYC 기반 거래소이므로 계정 실명 정보 확보 가능성이 상대적으로 높음.HTX(Huobi)유입: $293,938 (7.1%)특징: EVM 자금(USDC 등) 유입 확인.그 외소규모 유입처가 추가로 존재하며, 한편으로는 상당 금액이 미추적 상태이거나 개인 지갑에 잔존하는 것으로 보임.수사 포인트: ChangeNOW의 비중ChangeNOW가 식별 자금의 과반(56.5%)을 처리했다는 점은 사건 해결 관점에서 결정적입니다. “가입 없는 교환”을 표방하더라도, 대규모·고위험 유입이 감지되면 내부 리스크 정책에 따라 거래 보류, 추가 검증(KYC 요구), 자금 동결이 발생할 수 있습니다. 즉, ChangeNOW 대응이 곧 회수 가능성과 직결됩니다.5. 규제 및 법적 대응 전략 포렌식 분석으로 확보된 주소, 트랜잭션, 유입 서비스 정보는 즉시 집행 가능한 조치로 연결돼야 합니다. 핵심은 “시간”입니다. 입금 후 자금이 빠르게 스왑·분산·재이동되므로, 초기 24~72시간 내 대응 강도가 결과를 좌우합니다.5.1 타깃별 대응 전략5.1.1 ChangeNOW 및 FixedFloat(인스턴트 교환 서비스)이들 서비스는 비수탁형에 가깝지만, 스왑이 이뤄지는 순간의 트랜잭션 로그 및 운영 메타데이터를 보유합니다. 따라서 다음 조치가 필요합니다.A) 긴급 자산 동결(Freeze Request)ChangeNOW 입금 주소(예: 0xe2d7adc…) 및 FixedFloat 입금 주소로 유입된 자금에 대해 즉각적인 동결 요청이 필요합니다.이미 출금된 경우에도, 출금 지갑(Outbound Address)은 공격자 측 통제 지갑일 가능성이 높아 2차 추적의 핵심 단서가 됩니다.B) 디지털 증거 보존 및 제공 요청거래 시점의 접속 IP, User-Agent, 디바이스/브라우저 지문(가능 범위), 세션 타임라인 등은 공격자 위치·사용 기기 추정에 직접적으로 도움이 됩니다. “증거 보존 요청(Preservation Request)”을 먼저 보내 로그 폐기를 막고, 이후 법적 절차로 제출을 요구하는 흐름이 바람직합니다.5.1.2 KuCoin 및 HTX(중앙화 거래소)이들 거래소는 AML/KYC 체계를 갖추고 있어, 계정 단위로 신원 정보 접근 가능성이 상대적으로 높습니다.A) KYC 정보 요청예: KuCoin 입금 주소(0x0d986… 등)로 유입된 계정의 실명, 주소, 여권/신분증 사본, 셀카 인증, 계정 활동 로그 등 확보를 추진해야 합니다.B) 계정 동결 및 반환 절차범죄수익임을 소명할 수 있다면, 해당 계정 잔고의 동결 및 피해자 반환(또는 수사기관 보관) 절차로 연결될 수 있습니다. 실무적으로는 거래소별 요구 포맷(사건번호, 관할기관 공문, 주소·TX 해시 목록, 피해자 진술서 등)을 충족해야 합니다.5.2 크로스체인 브릿지(Relay.link)와 규제 공백 대응Relay.link 경로는 현재 규제 사각지대에 놓여 있습니다. 그러나 구조를 더 파고들면 실마리가 생길 수 있습니다.확인해야 할 핵심 질문은 다음입니다.Relay.link가 자체 유동성 풀로 스왑을 처리하는지, 또는 외부 파트너(대형 거래소/유동성 제공자)의 유동성을 API 형태로 호출하는지외부 유동성(예: 대형 거래소 연동)이 확인된다면, 그 “배후 유동성 제공자”를 대상으로 법적 요구(영장·공조 요청)를 확대할 수 있는지 구조가 밝혀질수록, 브릿지 내부에서 끊긴 것처럼 보이던 연결고리가 다시 “규제 가능한 접점”으로 이어질 가능성이 있습니다.6. 결론 및 제언 이번 트러스트 월렛 침해 사고는 확정 피해액 약 724만 달러 규모로, 소프트웨어 공급망 취약성이 사용자 자산에 얼마나 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있는지 분명히 보여줍니다. 공격자는 사전 인프라 구축, 정식 업데이트 채널을 악용한 배포, 그리고 크로스체인 호핑 기반 세탁까지 단계적으로 실행할 만큼 높은 준비도와 기술 역량을 드러냈습니다.다만 “완전범죄”를 노리더라도, 온체인 데이터의 투명성 때문에 모든 흐름을 영구히 숨기기는 어렵습니다. BTC → SOL → ETH → ChangeNOW로 이어지는 주요 경로는 이미 식별되었고, 전체 피해액의 57% 이상이 수사 가능한 서비스(거래소/교환 서비스)로 유입된 정황은 자산 동결 및 회수 가능성을 남깁니다.이제 핵심은 신속한 실행입니다.수사기관: 보고서에 명시된 핵심 입금 주소와 자금 흐름도를 기반으로 국제 공조 수사를 즉시 개시하고, 동결·증거 보존 절차를 우선순위로 집행해야 합니다.피해자: 공식 절차(수사 협조, 민형사 조치, 거래소 동결 요청)를 통해 권리 구제를 진행하되, 2차 사기 시도를 경계해야 합니다.지갑 서비스 제공자: 코드 서명(Code Signing) 검증 강화, 서드파티 라이브러리 감사 체계, 이상 트랜잭션 패턴 실시간 탐지 및 경보 체계 도입이 시급합니다.최종 권고: 2차 사기(Recovery Scam) 경고피해자에게 “해킹 자금을 복구해주겠다”며 접근하는 2차 사기가 빈번합니다. 공식 수사기관 및 트러스트 월렛의 공식 채널을 통한 절차 외에는 신뢰하지 말아야 합니다.

트러스트 월렛 침해 사고 보고서: 피해 현황, 자금 흐름, VASP 유입 및 대응 전략
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jxsh3907
jxsh3907

December 27, 2025

General Discussion
Why can't I exchange it?

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Why can't I exchange it?
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The role of Validators in blockchain security: Guardians of decentralized networks

The role of Validators in blockchain security: Guardians of decentralized networks

Blockchain networks rely on a distributed system of participants to maintain security, process transactions, and ensure network integrity. At the heart of this system are validators — specialized network participants who play a fundamental role in keeping decentralized networks secure and operational.Understanding the role of validators is essential for anyone involved in cryptocurrency, decentralized finance (DeFi), or blockchain technology. This comprehensive guide explores how validators function, their responsibilities, and why they are crucial for maintaining trust in decentralized systems.What are Blockchain Validators?Blockchain validators are network participants responsible for verifying and confirming transactions on proof-of-stake (PoS) and similar consensus mechanisms. Unlike miners in proof-of-work systems, validators are chosen to create new blocks and validate transactions based on their stake in the network and other selection criteria.Validators perform several critical functions that maintain network security and functionality. They verify transaction authenticity, propose new blocks, participate in consensus mechanisms, and help secure the network against malicious attacks.The validator selection process varies depending on the blockchain protocol. Most networks use a combination of factors including stake size, randomization algorithms, and reputation scores to determine which validators can participate in block production at any given time.Core responsibilities of network validatorsTransaction verification and processingValidators examine each transaction to ensure it meets network requirements before including it in a block. This process involves checking digital signatures, verifying account balances, and ensuring transactions comply with smart contract rules.The verification process includes multiple layers of validation. Validators must confirm that senders have sufficient funds, verify cryptographic signatures, and check that transactions follow the network’s consensus rules. This rigorous verification process prevents double-spending and maintains transaction integrity.Block proposal and validationSelected validators propose new blocks containing verified transactions to the network. Other validators then review these proposed blocks to ensure accuracy and consensus compliance.Block proposal involves collecting pending transactions, organizing them efficiently, and creating a cryptographically secure block structure. The proposing validator must follow specific protocols to ensure the block meets network standards and can be accepted by other validators.Network consensus participationValidators participate in consensus mechanisms that determine which blocks become part of the official blockchain. This collaborative process ensures network agreement on the current state of the ledger.Different blockchain networks implement various consensus mechanisms, but all require active validator participation. Validators vote on proposed blocks, participate in finality processes, and help resolve any network disputes through established governance mechanisms.How validators maintain blockchain securityPreventing double-spending attacksValidators work together to prevent double-spending by ensuring each token can only be spent once. Their collective verification process makes it extremely difficult for malicious actors to manipulate transaction records.The distributed nature of validator networks provides redundancy and security. Multiple validators must agree on transaction validity, making it computationally and economically infeasible for attackers to compromise the system.Detecting and preventing malicious behaviorValidator networks include built-in mechanisms to identify and penalize malicious behavior. Validators monitor each other’s actions and can flag suspicious activity or non-compliance with network rules.Slashing mechanisms punish validators who act maliciously or fail to fulfill their responsibilities. These economic incentives align validator interests with network security and encourage honest behavior.Maintaining network uptime and performanceValidators ensure continuous network operation by maintaining active nodes and participating consistently in consensus processes. Their reliability directly impacts network performance and user experience.High-performance validator infrastructure includes redundant systems, monitoring tools, and automated failover mechanisms. Professional validators invest in robust technical setups to minimize downtime and maintain consistent network participation.Economic incentives and validator rewardsValidators receive economic rewards for their services, creating sustainable incentives for network participation. These rewards typically come from transaction fees, block rewards, and protocol emissions.The reward structure varies across different blockchain networks but generally scales with validator performance and stake size. Consistent, reliable validators earn higher rewards and build reputation within the network.Validator economics include both rewards and risks. While validators earn income from their services, they also face potential penalties for poor performance or malicious behavior. This balance creates strong incentives for professional, reliable validator operation.Validator requirements and technical specificationsHardware and infrastructure requirementsRunning a validator node requires specific hardware capabilities including adequate processing power, memory, storage, and network connectivity. These requirements ensure validators can handle network demands effectively.Professional validators typically operate in data centers with enterprise-grade infrastructure. This includes redundant power systems, high-speed internet connections, and specialized monitoring equipment to maintain optimal performance.Staking requirements and financial commitmentsMost proof-of-stake networks require validators to stake a minimum amount of native tokens. This stake serves as collateral and aligns validator incentives with network security.Staking requirements vary significantly across networks, ranging from thousands to millions of dollars in token value. These requirements help ensure validators have sufficient economic stake in network success and security.Technical expertise and operational knowledgeValidator operation requires technical expertise in blockchain technology, network administration, and security best practices. Validators must understand consensus mechanisms, troubleshoot technical issues, and maintain secure systems.Successful validators often have backgrounds in distributed systems, cryptography, or network engineering. The technical complexity of validator operation has led to the emergence of professional validator services and staking providers.Validator types and network participation modelsIndividual validatorsIndividual validators operate their own nodes independently, maintaining full control over their infrastructure and decision-making. This model provides maximum autonomy but requires significant technical expertise and resources.Individual validators contribute to network decentralization by operating independently from large validator services. They often specialize in specific networks and build deep expertise in particular blockchain protocols.Validator services and staking providersProfessional validator services offer staking infrastructure to token holders who lack the technical expertise or resources to run their own nodes. These services handle the technical aspects of validator operation while sharing rewards with delegators.Staking providers offer various service models including full delegation, hybrid arrangements, and white-label validator services. They provide professional infrastructure management while enabling broader network participation.Institutional validatorsLarge institutions including exchanges, investment funds, and blockchain companies often operate validator infrastructure. Their participation brings significant resources and stability to blockchain networks.Institutional validators contribute substantial stake and technical resources but may raise concerns about network centralization. Balancing institutional participation with decentralization remains an ongoing challenge for blockchain networks.The future of blockchain validationValidator technology continues evolving with improvements in consensus mechanisms, scaling solutions, and security protocols. These developments aim to enhance network performance while maintaining decentralization and security.Emerging trends include validator rotation mechanisms, cross-chain validation protocols, and automated validator management systems. These innovations seek to improve network efficiency and reduce operational complexity.The growing importance of validators in blockchain security highlights the need for professional, reliable validator services. As blockchain adoption expands, validator infrastructure becomes increasingly critical for maintaining trust in decentralized systems.Validators as the foundation of blockchain securityValidators serve as the backbone of modern blockchain networks, ensuring security, performance, and integrity through their dedicated participation in consensus mechanisms. Their role extends beyond simple transaction processing to encompass network governance, security monitoring, and ecosystem development.Understanding validator operations provides valuable insights into blockchain security and the importance of decentralized network participation. As blockchain technology continues evolving, validators will remain essential for maintaining trust and security in decentralized systems.The validator landscape offers opportunities for both technical experts and stakeholders seeking to contribute to blockchain network security. Whether through direct validation or delegation to professional services, participation in validator networks supports the growth and security of decentralized finance.🌟 Ready to contribute to blockchain security?Join ChainBounty’s network of validators and help protect the decentralized ecosystem. Our platform connects security experts with validation opportunities across multiple blockchain networks.👉🏻 Become a ChainBounty validator today and earn rewards while securing the future of decentralized finance.

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ChainBounty

4 months ago
Anatomy of a Hack — The Bybit $1.4 Billion Ethereum Theft

Anatomy of a Hack — The Bybit $1.4 Billion Ethereum Theft

Anatomy of a Hack — The Bybit $1.4 Billion Ethereum TheftIntroductionIn February 2025, the crypto world was stunned when hackers stole $1.4 billion worth of Ethereum (about 401,000 ETH) from Bybit, a popular crypto exchange. This was the biggest crypto theft ever! The attackers, linked to North Korea’s Lazarus Group, used a clever trick to fool Bybit’s security team. In this blog, we’ll explain the hack in simple terms, show how ChainBounty’s tools could have helped, and share tips to keep your crypto safe.How the Bybit hack happenedHere’s what went down in the Bybit hack:Sneaky attack: the hackers targeted a third-party service called Safe{Wallet}, which Bybit used to manage its crypto. On February 4, 2025, they tricked a Safe{Wallet} developer by sneaking malicious code into a software update. This code let the hackers mess with Bybit’s wallet system.Fooling the team: when Bybit tried to move Ethereum from a secure (cold) wallet to an online (warm) wallet, the hackers’ code showed a fake address on the screen. Bybit’s team thought they were sending money to a safe place, but it actually went to the hackers’ wallets.Quick getaway: in just a few hours, the hackers moved 401,000 ETH (worth $1.4 billion) to their own accounts. They then swapped some of it for Bitcoin and used other tricks to hide the money, making it hard to track.Who did it?: experts like Elliptic and TRM Labs say the Lazarus Group, a hacking team from North Korea, was behind it. They’re known for big crypto thefts, like the $615 million Ronin Network hack in 2022.The hack scared Bybit’s users, who pulled out over $5 billion from the exchange. Bybit’s CEO, Ben Zhou, said they had enough money to cover the loss and even took a $172.5 million loan to stay afloat.How ChainBounty could have saved the dayChainBounty is a platform where people work together to spot and stop crypto scams. Here’s how we could have helped prevent the Bybit hack:Community power:Our users are like detectives who report scams, phishing links, or shady software. Someone might have noticed the bad code in Safe{Wallet} early and reported it to ChainBounty, earning $BOUNTY tokens as a reward.Our Threat Reputation Database (TRDB) would have warned Bybit and others about the risky software, stopping the hack before it started.Bountytrack tool:Our BountyTrack dashboard watches for weird activity, like a huge amount of Ethereum moving to an unknown wallet. It could have spotted the 401,000 ETH transfer and alerted Bybit to pause it.By connecting with crypto apps and wallets, BountyTrack could have caught the fake address trick and saved the day.Rewards for helping:ChainBounty pays users with $BOUNTY tokens for reporting dangers. If someone had flagged the hacked software, Bybit might have avoided the whole mess.Our TRDB shares scam info with everyone in Web3, so other platforms could stay safe too.What we can learnThe Bybit hack shows how tricky crypto thieves can be, but it also teaches us how to stay safe:Check your partners: Bybit relied on Safe{Wallet}, which got hacked. Always make sure the services you use are secure. ChainBounty can help by letting users report weak spots in these services.Double-check transactions: the hackers fooled Bybit’s team with a fake screen. Using extra security steps, like checking addresses offline or using ChainBounty’s tools, can stop these tricks.Team up for safety: the crypto community is stronger together. By reporting scams on ChainBounty, you help protect everyone, not just yourself.Use blockchain’s power: since blockchain records are public, experts could track some of the stolen ETH. ChainBounty’s TRDB uses this openness to warn about bad actors fast.Join ChainBounty today!The Bybit hack is a reminder that crypto isn’t always safe, but we can fight back! ChainBounty makes it easy for anyone to help:Report scams: seen a fake website, phishing email, or suspicious wallet? Tell us at chainbounty.io and earn $BOUNTY tokens.Protect crypto: your reports help our TRDB warn others, keeping Web3 safer for everyone.Stay updated: follow @ChainBountyX on X for tips and alerts about the latest crypto scams.🌟 Let’s work together to stop the next big hack! Visit chainbounty.io to get started.Wrapping upThe Bybit hack of February 2025 was a huge wake-up call for crypto users. But with tools like ChainBounty’s community reporting, BountyTrack dashboard, and $BOUNTY rewards, we can outsmart hackers and keep our crypto safe. Join us today to help build a stronger, safer Web3!

ChainBounty

ChainBounty

4 months ago
From Love to Crypto: The Psychological Scripts Behind Modern Scams

From Love to Crypto: The Psychological Scripts Behind Modern Scams

Online scams have evolved.They’re no longer clumsy attempts filled with typos and absurd promises of wealth. Today’s scams are strategic, emotionally manipulative, and often disturbingly sophisticated.Whether it’s a romance scam on a dating app, a phishing message from a “family member,” or a fake Web3 airdrop, what ties them together is not just deception — it’s psychology. They work because they’re designed to exploit our emotions and mental shortcuts.In this article, we’ll break down the common psychological threads behind three of today’s most common scam types, explore how they work step-by-step, and how you can stay ahead with support from communities like ChainBounty.1. 💌 Romance Scams: Building Emotional DebtRomance scams are among the most emotionally devastating — and effective — forms of fraud. The process is slow and deliberate. Scammers initiate contact through dating platforms or social media, and invest time into nurturing a believable emotional connection.They use consistent interaction, shared vulnerability, and even role-played crises to draw the victim into a false relationship. Over weeks or months, they build emotional debt — the feeling that the scammer has invested time, attention, and affection, and that the victim “owes” them trust.Eventually, the scammer introduces a fabricated emergency:“I need surgery and can’t afford the cost…”“I’ve been detained at customs, please help me…”In that emotionally heightened moment, logic takes a backseat to connection — and the victim pays. Sometimes once. Sometimes multiple times.🎯 Psychology: Emotional vulnerability, sunk cost fallacy, parasocial bonding2. 📲 Messenger Phishing: Hijacking FamiliarityThis scam plays on a much more immediate emotional trigger: family.Imagine receiving a message from your daughter’s number:“Mom, my phone broke. I’m using a friend’s. Can you send $300 urgently?”The account looks familiar. The language is casual. The urgency is real. That’s all it takes. Before you realize, the money is sent — and the real daughter is still at school, unaware.Scammers are increasingly using hacked messenger apps like KakaoTalk, WhatsApp, or SMS, and scripts that create panic, confusion, and urgency, often aimed at older adults.🎯 Psychology: Trust bias, urgency, protective instinct3. 🪙 Web3 Crypto Scams: The Illusion of OpportunityWeb3 and blockchain technology introduced a new world of digital assets — and scammers followed fast. But these scams don’t just rely on fake apps or tokens. They often replicate legitimate experiences so well that even seasoned users can fall for them.Examples include:Fake airdrop claim sites that ask you to connect your walletScam tokens that show up in your wallet with links to “convert”Phishing contracts disguised as high-yield staking dAppsSocial media accounts impersonating founders, VCs, or DeFi protocolsIn many cases, these sites imitate real tools like MetaMask, Uniswap, or Etherscan. The user believes they’re participating in an exclusive deal, when in fact, they’re signing a smart contract that grants full access to their wallet.🎯 Psychology: FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), trust-by-association, UI mimicryThe Common Thread: Social EngineeringAll three scams share one thing in common:They exploit how humans process emotion, urgency, and trust — especially under pressure.In psychology, these techniques fall under the umbrella of social engineering. It’s not just about stealing passwords or tokens — it’s about hacking people.This is why education and community awareness are so critical.Prevention = Awareness + ReportingAt ChainBounty, we believe real-time intelligence and community reports can beat the scammers at their own game.You can:Explore real scam case studiesReport new suspicious behavior (even anonymously)Access free educational content about crypto hygiene and scam patternsAnd yes — bounties are given for valid reports. Because protecting the Web3 ecosystem should be collaborative and rewarding.📚 References“Analysis of Psychological Factors in Romance Scams”, Kim Mijeong et al., 2022“Messenger Phishing in South Korea: Trends and Countermeasures”, Choi Yongseok et al., 2023Chainalysis Crypto Crime Report, 2024

ChainBounty

ChainBounty

4 months ago